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    • 专利摘要:
    the integrity of transmission line voltage measurements in a digital electricity power system in the presence of voltage line disturbances during a sample period is ensured by detecting or preventing (a) acquiring at least three voltage measurements transmission line, perform numerical analysis on measurements to produce a polynomial function and estimate the precision of the polynomial function based on the magnitude of variance of the individual measurements; (b) apply a negative or positive bias to the transmission line during the sample period and acquire voltage measurements to determine a rate of change of voltage with the applied bias; (c) displacing an initial time of a first sample period on a first transmission line in reference to a second sample period on a second transmission line to reduce the overlap of sample periods across transmission lines; and / or (d) synchronize the initial times of the respective sample periods on the first and second transmission lines.
    公开号:BR112019022351A2
    申请号:R112019022351
    申请日:2018-04-26
    公开日:2020-05-19
    发明作者:Casey Jonathan；Mlyniec Stanley；Eaves Stephen
    申请人:Voltserver Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD TO ENSURE THE INTEGRITY OF TRANSMISSION LINE VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS IN A DIGITAL ELECTRICITY POWER SYSTEM
    BACKGROUND
    [001] Digital electrical power, or digital electricity, can be characterized as any power format in which electrical power is distributed in distinct controllable units of energy. Packet energy transfer (PET) is a new type of digital electrical power protocol disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8,068,937; U.S. Patent No. 8,781,637 (Eaves 2012) and international patent application PCT / US2017 / 016870, filed on February 7, 2017.
    [002] The primary discernment factor in a digital power transmission system compared to traditional analog power systems is that the electrical energy is separated into separate units; and individual power units can be associated with analog and / or digital information that can be used for the purposes of optimizing security, effectiveness, resilience, control or routing. Since the energy in a PET system is transferred as different amounts, or how much, it can be called digital power or digital electricity.
    [003] As described in Eaves 2012, a source controller and a charge controller are connected by power transmission lines. The Eaves 2012 source controller periodically isolates (disconnects) the power transmission lines from the power supply and minimally analyzes the voltage characteristics present in the
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    2/24 source controller terminals directly before and after the lines are isolated. The period in time, when the power lines are isolated, was called by Eaves 2012 the sample period, and the period in time when the origin is connected is called the transfer period. The rate of voltage rise and decay in the lines before, during and after the sample period reveals whether the fault condition is present in the power transmission lines. Measurable failures include, but are not limited to, short circuits, high line resistance, or the presence of an individual who has come into contact with the lines.
    [004] Eaves 2012 also describes digital information that can be sent between the source and charge controllers through the power transmission lines to further enhance safety or provide general characteristics of energy transfer, such as total energy or voltage at the terminals charge controller. A method for communications on the same digital power transmission lines as used for power has been further described and refined in U.S. Patent No. 9,184,795 (Eaves Communication Patent).
    [005] An application of a digital power disturbance system is the safe distribution of direct current (DC) power in digital format and the high voltage from the source side of the system to the load side.
    [006] U.S. Patent Application No. 2016/0134331 Al (Eaves Power Elements) describes the packaging of the original side components of Eaves 2012, in various configurations, in a device called a digital power transmitter.
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    3/24
    [007] U.S. Patent No. 9,419,436 (Eaves Receiver Patent) describes the packaging of various configurations of the Eaves 2012 load side components in a device called a digital power receiver.
    SHORT DESCRIPTION
    [008] The methods described below are based on the previous work of Eaves 2012 focusing on innovative methods to minimize errors in the detection of a failure in the transmission lines. Such errors can be caused by electrical noise or other disturbances that can affect the integrity of the data being captured from the transmission lines when executing the packet energy transfer protocol.
    [009] Digital electrical power, or digital electricity, can be characterized as any power format in which electrical power is distributed in distinct controllable units of energy. A digital electricity system periodically isolates an electrical transmission line from both the source and the load to analyze analog line characteristics that reflect a possible failure or human contact with the transmission wiring. The detection of line faults involves the periodic measurement of transmission line voltage. However, practical transmission line voltage measurements are often influenced by electrical noise or unwanted oscillation. The revealed methods can be used to ensure the integrity of the analog measurements used for fault detection, thereby preventing false positive or false negative line failure determinations.
    [010] Methods for ensuring the integrity of data used in terminating line failures
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    4/24 transmission while carrying out packet energy transfer are described in this document, in which various modalities of the methods and apparatus for carrying out the method may include some or all of the elements, resources and steps described below.
    [011] In modalities of the method to ensure the integrity of transmission line voltage measurements in a digital electricity power system comprising one or more transmitters, the voltage in one or more of the transmission lines is monitored and controlled with a respective transmitter. The integrity of transmission line voltage measurements in the presence of voltage line disturbances during a sample period is ensured using at least one of the following four methods.
    [012] In a first method, at least three transmission line voltage measurements are acquired during the sample period, when the voltage measurements can be affected by electrical disturbances. Numerical analysis is performed on measurements to produce a polynomial function that approximates disturbance-free transmission line voltage measurements. The precision of the polynomial function is estimated based on the magnitude of variance of the individual measurements of the approximation, and the transmission line power is interrupted if the estimated precision does not satisfy a minimum precision requirement.
    [013] In a second method, a negative or positive bias is applied to the transmission line during the sample period. Voltage measurements are acquired to determine a rate of change in voltage with applied polarization; and the power for the transmission line
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    5/24 is interrupted if the rate of change of voltage is outside the predetermined maximum and minimum values.
    [014] In a third method, when the digital electricity power system comprises at least a first and a second transmission line, an initial time of a first sample period on the first transmission line is shifted in reference to a second period sample on the second transmission line to reduce overlapping sample periods across both transmission lines to prevent the induction of electromagnetic noise from one transmission line to another transmission line.
    [015] In a fourth method, when the digital electricity power system comprises at least a first and a second transmission line, an initial time of a first sample period on the first transmission line is synchronized with an initial time of one sample period on the second transmission line to allow electromagnetic noise from both transmission lines to decline to an acceptable value before the end of the sample period, thus leaving at least part of the remaining sample period available for voltage measurement free from disturbance.
    [016] In the execution of the packet energy transfer protocol (PET) inherent to digital electricity, a portion of the total energy packet period is allocated for the transfer of energy from the source to the load. This portion is called the transfer period. The time remaining in the packet period is allocated to detect failures and transfer data. This portion of the package is called the sample period. In one mode, the controller on the source side
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    6/24 of the system monitors the decay in the transmission line voltage during the sample period. A change in the decay rate can indicate a variety of failure conditions, including a short circuit or human contact with the transmission line conductors.
    [017] There are numerous practical considerations related to ensuring fault detection integrity within the PET protocol. The first consideration is to obtain valid measurements of transmission line voltage during the sample period when there are fluctuations in the transmission lines due to reflected waves. Reflected waves occur when a pulse of electrical current travels to the end of the line and is reflected back to its original location. The reflections will appear as voltage fluctuations when observed at any point on the transmission line. Oscillations can cause errors in determining the line voltage decay rate during the PET sample period.
    [018] A second consideration is the line-to-line capacitance associated with long transmission lines. Capacitance can reach a level where it omits the effects of a decrease in resistance from line to line.
    [019] A third consideration is the electromagnetic interference (EMI) coupling for the transmission line pairs. Interference can originate from other transmission line pairs in close proximity, including other digital electricity transmission line pairs.
    [020] The methods described in this document address these considerations through both prevention and detection.
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    [021] From a preventive point of view, multiple parallel transmission lines that transmit digital electricity are interspersed, which means that the start of the energy package in one transmission line is purposefully shifted in time in relation to other transmission lines . Specifically, the sampling periods of multiple power packets are, as far as practical, arranged so that they do not occur at the same time on transmission lines that are in close proximity. As will be described in greater detail below, transmission line reflections produce oscillations that are a source of EMI; and EMI can produce disturbances in adjacent transmission line pairs. Line reflections are stimulated by the sudden decrease in line current caused by the beginning of the sample period. Adjacent transmission lines containing digital electricity are more susceptible to being disturbed by EMI if it occurs during the sample period, as the transmission line series impedance is much higher in this portion of the power pack, which means that EMI can be generated with less energy.
    [022] Two detection methods are described in this document.
    [023] The first detection method uses a bias circuit to drive the pair of transmission lines to a desired voltage. The simplest form of a polarization circuit is a resistive voltage divider. By measuring the transmission line voltage while polarization is applied over a period of time, a line-to-line impedance value can be calculated. If the value is out of values
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    8/24 acceptable values, a fault will be logged and the power to the transmission lines will be interrupted. In addition to detecting a failure in the transmission lines, the measurement is also useful for detecting hardware problems, such as a short circuit failure of a line disconnection device. If the line disconnect device is unsuccessful in interrupting the current to the transmission line, the line voltage will not drop during the measurement period, indicating a damaged disconnect device or support circuitry.
    [024] Since the lines are being actively polarized to a target voltage, the method can overcome some of the effects of EMI or high capacitance on the transmission lines. A trade-off for using bias versus simply opening the source disconnect switch is that the bias current can omit the effects of a low line-to-line current fault on the transmission lines, as the system must distinguish the difference between the current fault current and the bias current to properly record a fault.
    [025] The second detection method involves determining whether the voltage being measured on the transmission lines during the sample period is too noisy to support a valid measurement. Called anomaly detection, the method quantifies the drift of the transmission line voltage during the sampling period of an ideal reference line. If the deviation exceeds a predetermined maximum, the measurement is considered invalid. After a predetermined number of invalid measurements, the line is considered to be in a fault state and the power to the transmission line will be
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    9/24 interrupted.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [026] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a modality of the secure power distribution system.
    [027] Figure 2 is an illustration of a packet energy transfer voltage (PET voltage) waveform.
    [028] Figure 3 illustrates the effect of line oscillations on the PET voltage waveform.
    [029] Figure 4 illustrates the interleaving of two PET voltage waveforms.
    [030] Figure 5 illustrates how a PET waveform can induce noise in an adjacent waveform.
    [031] Figure 6 illustrates the limitations in the interleaving of three PET waveforms.
    [032] Figure 7 illustrates the combined interleaving and synchronization of three PET waveforms.
    [033] Figure 8 is a block diagram of a PET system with synchronization signals.
    [034] Figure 9 illustrates the effects of high line capacitance on the PET waveform.
    [035] In the accompanying drawings, similar reference characters refer to the same or similar parts from all different views; and apostrophes are used to differentiate multiple instances of the same or modalities of the same or different items that share an equal reference number. The drawings are not necessarily to scale; instead, an emphasis is placed on the illustration of particular principles in the exemplifications discussed below. For any drawings that include text (words,
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    10/24 reference characters and / or number), alternative versions of the drawings without the text should be understood as being part of this disclosure; and formal replacement designs without such text can therefore be replaced.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [036] The previously mentioned and other resources and advantages of various aspects of the invention (s) will be apparent from what follows, the most particular description of the various concepts and specific modalities within the broadest limits of the (s) invention (s). Various aspects of the matter introduced above and discussed in greater detail below can be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the matter is not limited to any particular way of implementation. Examples of specific implementations and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.
    [037] Unless defined otherwise used or characterized in this document, the terms that are used in this document (which includes technical and scientific terms) should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with its accepted meaning in the context of the relevant technique and are not to be interpreted in an idealized or excessively formal sense unless expressly defined in this document.
    [038] The terminology used in this document is for the purpose of describing specific modalities and is not intended to limit exemplary modalities. As used in this document, singular forms, such as one and one, are intended to include plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise.
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    11/24 way. In addition, the terms, includes, includes, understands and understands specify the presence of the declared elements or steps, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or steps.
    [039] A representative digital power system, as originally described in Eaves 2012, is shown in Figure 1. The system comprises an origin 1 and at least one load 2. The PET protocol is initiated by an operational switch 3 to periodically disconnect the origin of the power transmission lines. When the switch is in an open state (without conduction), the lines are also isolated from the isolation diode (Di) 4 from any stored energy that may reside in load 2.
    [040] Eaves 2012 offered several versions of alternative switches that can replace Di, and all versions can produce similar results when used in the methods described here. Capacitor (C3) 5 is representative of an energy storage element on the charge side of the circuit.
    [041] The transmission lines have resistance (R4) 6 and line capacitance (Ci) 7 for inherent lines. The architecture of the PET system, as described by Eaves 2012, adds resistance (R3) 8 and capacitance (C2) 9 from line to additional line. At the instant when switch 3 is opened, Ci and C2 have a stored charge that decays at a rate that is inversely proportional to the additive values of R4 and R3. Capacitor (C3) 5 does not discharge through R3 and R4 due to the reverse blocking action of the isolation diode (Di) 4. The amount of charge contained in capacitors (Ci and C2) is proportional to the voltage across them and can be measured in
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    12/24 points 16 and 17 by a source controller 18 or load controller 19.
    [042] As described in Eaves 2012, a change in the decay rate of energy stored in Ci and C2 may indicate that there is a line crossing failure in the transmission lines. The difference between normal operation and a failure, as shown by Eaves 2012, is illustrated in Figure 2.
    [043] Again with reference to Figure 1, the switch combination (Sl) 3; source controller 18; resistor (Ri) 10; switch (S2) 11; and resistor (R3) 8 can be called a transmitter 20. The switch combination (S4) 15; resistor (R5) 14; charge controller 19; diode (Di) 4; capacitor (C2) 9; and capacitor (C3) 5 can be called a receiver 21.
    [044] Figure 3 illustrates a first practical consideration when performing PET oscillation on the transmission line voltage due to reflections or EMI. Oscillation affects the integrity of fault detection, increasing the difficulty of extracting the voltage rate decay due to the normal depletion of energy in the line capacitance of disturbances caused by oscillations. Since the abnormally decaying transmission line voltage during the sample period indicates a transmission failure, oscillation can produce a false positive or false negative test result. When the amplitude of the oscillation is small, analog or digital filtration can improve the measurement; however, if the oscillation is large, the analog measurements become unusable.
    [045] The oscillations shown in Figure 3 can originate from electromagnetic interference outside the lines
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    13/24 transmission or other pairs of transmission lines in close proximity, including other pairs of digital electricity transmission lines. In particular, the longest transmission lines are subjected to reflected waves, in which a pulse of electric current will travel to the end of the line and then reflect back to the original location. The reflections will appear as voltage fluctuations when observed at any point on the transmission line. Electromagnetic emissions from transmission line reflections in approximately adjacent digital electricity line pairs can exacerbate oscillations. Adjacent transmission lines containing digital electricity are more susceptible to being disturbed by EMI if it occurs during the sample period, as the transmission line impedance is much higher in that portion of the power pack, allowing disturbances to be defined with less energy.
    [046] As summarized earlier, the methods described in this document can apply to both prevention and detection methods to manage aspects of practical operation of digital electricity on transmission lines.
    [047] A method to prevent oscillation interference is illustrated in Figure 4, in which two pairs of adjacent digital electricity transmission lines are shifted or interleaved in time so that their sample periods do not occur simultaneously. This deviation allows the oscillations to decrease before the end of the sample period, as exemplified in point 26, allowing a valid measurement of line decay, since the amplitude of
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    14/24 oscillation fails to an acceptable level. If interspersed, the sample periods can overlap; and the electromagnetic emissions from the first pair of lines can extend the oscillations of the second, possibly until the oscillations consume the entire sample period as illustrated in point 28 of Figure 5.
    [048] An acceptable but less desirable method for controlling line swings is to synchronize the power packets of two transmission lines, so that the sample periods start simultaneously. In this way, line oscillations will occur and fall at approximately the same rate, allowing time later in the sample periods to perform measurements when the oscillations have fallen to an acceptable level.
    [049] In practice, with a large number of transmission line pairs, both synchronization and interleaving techniques can be employed, as, as the number of transmission line pairs increases, it becomes impossible to avoid the overlap with the use of interleaving techniques only. In the example in Figure 6, it is not possible to shift more than the two transmission line packets shown, as there would be no sample periods remaining on any of the three waveforms that would not be affected by the start of a sample period in another adjacent transmission line. The overlap again would extend oscillation 28 during the sample period. To solve this problem, the sample period for two of the transmission lines can be synchronized and the third can be shifted or interspersed, as shown in Figure 7.
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    15/24
    [050] With reference to Figure 1, to facilitate the interleaving function, transmitters of this mode incorporate a synchronization input to the source controller 18. With reference to Figure 8, in a particular mode, a master controller 30 generates a synchronization that can be in the form of a pulse waveform or data element embedded in a chain of serial communications. Each transmitter 20, 20 ', 20' ’retains an identifier on its individual controller that associates the controller with its respective transmission line 32, 32 ', 32' '. When the transmitter controller detects the synchronization pulse, it applies the appropriate offset to the initial time of the power pack according to the sequential position of its transmission line among the transmission line group 32, 32 ', 32' ' .
    [051] Figure 9 illustrates a second consideration when taking measurements during the sample period. The decay of the transmission line voltage during the sample period can be very small when the transmission line capacitance is high versus lines of lower capacitance, as indicated by the decay in Figure 9 in point 34. This makes the detection of line to less sensitive line, possibly leading to the omission of a failed condition.
    [052] Figure 1 helps to illustrate a first method for detecting high line capacitance and other line-to-line faults. Adding line bias provides additional current for charging or discharging line capacitance. The source controller 18 acts to close the solid state switch (S3) 13 that connects the resistor (FQ)
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    16/24 through the transmission line conductors. This provides a negative polarization to the transmission lines through the downward pull effect of R2. Another polarization circuit that provides a greater control range of the polarization voltage set point can be created by simultaneously closing the solid state switch (S3) 13 or the solid state switch (S2) 11, which forms a voltage divider in the positive transmission line comprising resistor (R1) 10 and resistor (R2) 12.
    [053] The voltage rate decay during the sample period with the applied bias is then compared with the predetermined maximum and minimum values. If the rate of decay was too high or too low (that is, above the predetermined maximum or below the predetermined minimum), the rate of decay is indicative of line failure. A failure due to high decay may be due to human contact or a foreign object placed through the transmission lines. A low decay failure can be due to excessive line capacitance or a hardware failure. The source controller 18 can then act to interrupt the current to the transmission line through the opening of the disconnect switch (Sl) 3.
    [054] A second detection method involves determining whether the voltage being measured on the transmission lines during the sample period is too noisy to support a valid measurement. Called anomaly detection, the method quantifies the drift of the transmission line voltage during the sampling period of an ideal reference line. If the deviation exceeds a predetermined maximum, the measurement is considered invalid. After a predetermined number of
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    17/24 invalid measurements, the line is considered to be in a fault state; and the power to the transmission line will be interrupted. The preferred method is to accumulate a series of stress samples during the sample period and compare the samples to a straight non-vertical notation line using numerical regression, as illustrated in Figure 3 by the dotted line 24. The line represents the rate of normal decay of the transmission lines if the lines were not distributed by line reflections or electromagnetic interference (EMI). There are multiple methods for performing linear numerical regression well known to those skilled in the art. One method that can be used in this approach is the least squares method. If there is very little EMI or line wobble, very little variance will exist between the notation line and the actual data samples, since most of the data samples will fall very close to the line. In case of noisy or oscillating transmission lines, the variance or residue will be greater; since many of the samples will fall away from the notation line. The coefficient of determination (r 2 ) commonly applied to linear regression is used to predict whether the rating line can be used as a model for the actual underlying decay rate of the transmission lines during the sample period and is expressed this way:
    r 2 = Cov (x, y) 2 / [Var (x) 2 · Var (y) 2 ], where: r 2 is the coefficient of determination;
    x is the sample time in relation to the beginning of the sample period;
    y is the voltage value of the sample taken at time x; Cov (x, y) is the covariance of x and y;
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    18/24
    Var (x) is the variance of x; and
    Var (y) is the variance of y.
    [055] Calculations for variance and covariance are well known to those skilled in numerical regression. The low values of r 2 mean that the rating line is not a viable model for the underlying decay of the transmission line voltage. If the value of r 2 falls below a predetermined value, a fault will be recorded by the source controller; and the source controller will act to interrupt the power to the transmission lines.
    Summary, Branches and Scope
    [056] The source controller 18 and load controller 19 may include a logic device, such as a microprocessor, microcotroller, programmable logic device, or other suitable digital circuitry to execute the control algorithm. Load controller 19 can take the form of a simple sensor node that collects relevant data at the load side of the system and does not necessarily require a microprocessor.
    [057] Controllers 18 and 19 can be computing devices, and the systems and methods of this disclosure can be implemented in a computer system environment. Examples of well-known computing system environments and components that may be suitable for use with systems and methods include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, portable or laptop devices, tablet devices, smart phones , multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based systems, signal decoders, consumer electronics
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    19/24 programmable, network PCs, minicomputers, mini-frame computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems and devices and the like. Typical computing system environments and their operations and components are described in many existing patents (for example, U.S. Patent No. 7,191,467, owned by Microsoft Corp.).
    [058] The methods can be executed using non-transitory computer executable instructions, such as program modules. Program modules typically include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and so on, that perform particular tasks or implement particular types of data. The methods can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are connected via a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located on both local and remote storage media including memory storage devices.
    [059] The processes and functions described in this document can be stored in a non-transitory manner in the form of software instructions on the computer. Computer components can include, but are not limited to, a computer processor, a computer storage medium that serves as memory, and a system bus that couples various system components including memory to the computer processor. The system bus can be any one of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller,
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    20/24 a peripheral bus and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.
    [060] The computer typically includes one or more of a variety of computer-readable media accessible by the processor and including both volatile and non-volatile media and removable and non-removable media. For example, computer-readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media.
    [061] Computer storage media can store software and data in a non-transitory state and include both volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing software and data, such as instructions readable by computer, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile discs (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic tapes, magnetic tape, storage magnetic disk or other magnetic storage devices or any other means that can be used to store the desired information and that can be accessed and executed by the processor.
    [062] Memory includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and / or non-volatile memory such as read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). A basic input / output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements inside the computer, such as during startup, is typically stored in ROM. RAM typically contains data
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    21/24 and / or program modules that are immediately accessible to and / or where they are currently operated by the processor.
    [063] The computer may also include other removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile computer storage media, such as (a) a hard disk drive that reads from or writes to non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media; (b) a magnetic disk drive that reads from or writes to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk; and (c) an optical disc drive that reads from or writes to a removable, non-volatile optical disc such as a CD ROM or other optical medium. The computer storage medium can be coupled to the system bus by a communication interface, where the interface can include, for example, electrically conductive wire and / or optical fiber paths to transmit digital or optical signals between the components. Other removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile computer storage media that can be used in the exemplary operating environment include magnetic tape cassettes, flash memory cards, digital versatile disks, digital video tape, solid state RAM, flash ROM solid state and the like.
    [064] The units and their associated computer storage media provide storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data to the computer. For example, a hard drive inside or outside the computer can store an operating system, application programs, and program data.
    [065] The synchronization signal for synchronizing or displacing the PET waveforms described in the present
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    22/24 document and illustrated in Figure 6 can also be generated by one of the original controllers that control the transmission lines 32, 32 ', 32' ', thus eliminating the need for a separate master controller. The source controller that produces the signal would become the master. There are several methods for determining which controller is the master. For example, the source controller with the lowest serial number can assume master duties.
    [066] The polarization circuit described in this document can be constructed using an active power supply or operational amplifier circuit designed to drive the transmission line voltage to a predetermined voltage point. Although more complex than the simple voltage divider circuit, an active device, such as an operational amplifier, is able to conduct the transmission line voltage to the defined target point more quickly than a resistive voltage divider.
    [067] An alternative method for building a resistive voltage divider bias circuit is to employ a partially enhanced solid-state switch 3 (like SI in Figure 1). If switch (Sl) 3 is incorporated as a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), the device is partially enhanced with the use of a lower than normal gate conduction voltage. In a partially enhanced state, the MOSFET functions as a resistor.
    [068] The linear regression method described in this document to derive a decay notation line from the transmission line can also be achieved through analog filtering circuits or a
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    23/24 digital filtration algorithm. Linear regression is described in this specification due to the minimal processor resources required in the source controller to run the algorithm. However, there are many numerical regression techniques that can be employed that are well known to those skilled in the art. These can generally be classified into linear, multilinear and non-linear numerical regression.
    [069] In describing the modalities of the invention, specific terminology is used for the sake of clarity. For the purpose of description, the specific terms are intended to at least include technical and functional equivalents that operate in a similar way to achieve a similar result. In addition, in some cases where a particular embodiment of the invention includes a plurality of system elements or method steps, those elements or steps can be replaced by a single element or step. Similarly, a single element or step can be replaced by a plurality of elements or steps that serve the same purpose. In addition, although this invention has been shown and described with reference to particular modalities of it, those skilled in the art will understand that various substitutions and changes in shape and details can be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, other aspects, functions and advantages are also within the scope of the invention; and all embodiments of the invention do not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages or have all of the features described above. Additionally, the steps, elements and resources discussed in this document in
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    24/24 connection with one mode can also be used in conjunction with other modes. The content of references, including reference texts, newspaper articles, patents, patent applications, etc., mentioned throughout the text are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for reference for all purposes; and all suitable combinations of modalities, resources, characterizations and methods of these references and the present disclosure can be included in the modalities of this invention. In addition, the components and steps identified in the Background section are integral to this disclosure and can be used in conjunction with or replaced by components and steps described further in the disclosure within the scope of the invention. In method claims (or when methods are mentioned elsewhere), where stages are referred to in a specific order — with or without preface characters in sequence added for ease of reference — stages should not be interpreted as being temporarily limited to the order in which they are recited unless otherwise specified or implied by the terms and phrasing.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    1. METHOD TO ENSURE THE INTEGRITY OF TRANSMISSION LINE VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS IN A DIGITAL ELECTRICITY POWER SYSTEM, which comprises one or more transmitters, in which the method is characterized by understanding:
    with each transmitter, monitor and control the voltage on a respective transmission line;
    ensure the integrity of transmission line voltage measurements in the presence of voltage line disturbances during a sample period, comprising at least one of the following four methods:
    a) acquire at least three transmission line voltage measurements during the sample period in which the voltage measurements may be affected by electrical disturbances; perform numerical analysis on measurements to produce a polynomial function that approximates disturbance-free transmission line voltage measurements; estimate the precision of the polynomial function based on the magnitude of variance of the individual measurements of the approximation and interrupt the transmission line power if the estimated precision does not satisfy a minimum precision requirement;
    b) apply a negative or positive bias to the transmission line during the sample period; acquire voltage measurements to determine a voltage change rate with the applied polarization; and interrupting power to the transmission line if the rate of change in voltage is outside predetermined maximum and minimum values;
    c) when the digital electricity power system comprises at least a first and a second transmission line, shift an initial time from a first
    Petition 870190108117, of 10/24/2019, p. 32/84
    [2]
    2/4 sample period on the first transmission line in reference to a second sample period on the second transmission line to reduce overlapping sample periods across both transmission lines to prevent the induction of electromagnetic noise from a transmission line transmission to another transmission line; and
    d) when the digital electricity power system comprises at least a first and a second transmission line, synchronize an initial time of a first sample period on the first transmission line with an initial time of a sample period on the second line of transmission transmission to allow electromagnetic noise from both transmission lines to decline to an acceptable value before the end of the sample period, thus leaving at least part of the remaining sample period available for disturbance-free voltage measurement.
    2 . METHOD, in wake up with the claim 1, featured by analysis numeric of voltage measurements to be A way of regression linear. 3. METHOD, in wake up with the claim 1, featured by analysis numeric of voltage measurements to be A way of regression no linear. 4. METHOD, in wake up with the claim 1, featured by analysis numeric of voltage measurements to be A way of filtration digital. 5. METHOD, in wake up with the claim 1, featured by numerical analysis of line voltage in
    transmission is passed through an analog filtration circuit before being measured for use in numerical analysis.
    6. METHOD, according to claim 1,
    Petition 870190108117, of 10/24/2019, p. 33/84
    [3]
    3/4 characterized by the polarization being produced by an operational amplifier circuit.
    7. METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized by the polarization being produced by a voltage divider circuit.
    METHOD, according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one resistance value in the voltage divider circuit is produced by controlling the resistance of a transistor.
    9. METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized by the polarization being produced by a power supply circuit.
    10. METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized by the integrity of the transmission line voltage measurements in the presence of voltage line disturbances during the sample period is ensured by (a) acquiring at least three line voltage measurements transmission during the sample period in which voltage measurements may be affected by electrical disturbances; perform numerical analysis on measurements to produce the polynomial function that approximates disturbance-free transmission line voltage measurements; estimate the precision of the polynomial function based on the magnitude of variance of the individual measurements of the approximation, and interrupt the transmission line power if the estimated precision does not satisfy the minimum precision requirement.
    11. METHOD according to claim 1, characterized by the integrity of transmission line voltage measurements in the presence of voltage line disturbances during the sample period to be ensured by (b) applying the
    Petition 870190108117, of 10/24/2019, p. 34/84
    [4]
    4/4 negative or positive bias to the transmission line during the sample period; acquire voltage measurements to determine the rate of change of voltage with the applied polarization; and interrupting the power to the transmission line if the rate of change in voltage is outside the predetermined maximum and minimum values.
    12. METHOD according to claim 1, characterized by the integrity of transmission line voltage measurements in the presence of voltage line disturbances during the sample period is ensured by (c) displacing the initial time of the first sample period on the first transmission line in reference to the second sample period on the second transmission line to reduce overlapping sample periods across both transmission lines to prevent the induction of electromagnetic noise from one transmission line to another transmission line.
    13. METHOD according to claim 1, characterized by the integrity of transmission line voltage measurements in the presence of voltage line disturbances during the sample period is ensured by (d) synchronizing the initial time of the first sample period on the first transmission line with the initial time of a sample period on the second transmission line to allow the electromagnetic noise from both transmission lines to decline to an acceptable value before the end of the sample period, thus leaving at least part of the remaining sample period available for disturbance-free voltage measurement.
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    法律状态:
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